{"id":26999,"date":"2026-03-30T11:53:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T08:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asmarya.edu.ly\/pharmacy\/?page_id=26999"},"modified":"2026-03-30T11:53:00","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T08:53:00","slug":"%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/asmarya.edu.ly\/pharmacy\/?page_id=26999","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"[mhc_section admin_label=&#8221;\u0642\u0633\u0645&#8221; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; specialty=&#8221;off&#8221;][mhc_fullwidth_texton admin_label=&#8221;\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644&#8221; src=&#8221;https:\/\/asmarya.edu.ly\/pharmacy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u0648\u0635\u0641-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-1.webp&#8221; text_placement=&#8221;right_bottom&#8221; text_size=&#8221;xl&#8221; text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#121212&#8243; text_shadow=&#8221;off&#8221; use_button=&#8221;off&#8221; button_style=&#8221;off&#8221; button_color=&#8221;#0b0b21&#8243; button_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; wide_button=&#8221;off&#8221; sticky=&#8221;off&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221; hoverfx=&#8221;scaleup&#8221;] [\/mhc_fullwidth_texton][\/mhc_section][mhc_section admin_label=&#8221;\u0642\u0633\u0645&#8221; fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; specialty=&#8221;off&#8221; transparent_background=&#8221;off&#8221; gradient_background=&#8221;off&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; gradient_style=&#8221;horizontal&#8221; inner_shadow=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221; video_hide=&#8221;off&#8221; video_pause=&#8221;off&#8221; allow_advanced_padding=&#8221;on&#8221; remove_padding=&#8221;on&#8221; force_fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; column_paddings=&#8221;padding-0pct&#8221; column_match_heights=&#8221;off&#8221; background_leak=&#8221;off&#8221; background_leak_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; background_leak_size=&#8221;50&#8243; separator_top=&#8221;off&#8221; separator_bottom=&#8221;off&#8221; background_image_size=&#8221;cover&#8221; background_image_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; background_image_position_x=&#8221;center&#8221; background_image_position_y=&#8221;center&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221; animation_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; mobile_2_pr_row=&#8221;off&#8221; mobile_reverse=&#8221;off&#8221;][mhc_row admin_label=&#8221;\u0635\u0641&#8221;][mhc_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][mhc_divider admin_label=&#8221;\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644&#8221; show_divider=&#8221;off&#8221; color=&#8221;#4FD4FF&#8221; borderw=&#8221;1&#8243; custom_orientation=&#8221;right&#8221; height=&#8221;10&#8243; divider_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; keep_visible=&#8221;off&#8221; custom_radius=&#8221;on&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221;] [\/mhc_divider][mhc_text admin_label=&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u00bb \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631\u00a0\u00bb \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;right&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221;]\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/asmarya.edu.ly\/pharmacy\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u00bb <a href=\"https:\/\/asmarya.edu.ly\/pharmacy\/?page_id=1803\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u00bb <a href=\"https:\/\/asmarya.edu.ly\/pharmacy\/?page_id=25466\">\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n[\/mhc_text][\/mhc_column][\/mhc_row][\/mhc_section][mhc_section admin_label=&#8221;\u0642\u0633\u0645&#8221; fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; specialty=&#8221;off&#8221;][mhc_row admin_label=&#8221;row&#8221;][mhc_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][mhc_text admin_label=&#8221;\u0646\u0635 &#8211; Pharmacognosy (\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631)&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;right&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221;]\n<p><strong>Pharmacognosy (\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> \u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640<\/strong><\/p>\n[\/mhc_text][mhc_tabs admin_label=&#8221;\u062a\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0628 &#8211; Pharmacognosy (\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631)&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; show_border=&#8221;on&#8221;] [mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li>(PH104)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><strong>4 Units<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><strong>3 hrs Theory<\/strong>\n<p><strong>2 hrs Laboratory<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><strong>General<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Botany<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Course Description:\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>(\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631)<\/strong>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Brief Description:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pharmacognosy is a branch of pharmaceutical sciences which focuses on drugs of herbal and natural origin. Although Pharmacognosy mostly deals with medicinal herbs, some animal products and bacterial products are also discussed in it. Pharmacognosy is the oldest branch of pharmacy since humans have been producing medicines using plants and microbes for ages.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Course Objectives:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Upon successful completion of this course, the students should be able to: Illustrate the morphological and histological structures of different organs of medicinal plants such as leaves, Flowers, Herbs, Barks and woods, seeds, fruits, roots and rhizomes. Discuss role of these medicinal plants in the treatment of different disease conditions. Identify many medicinal plants microscopically in both their entire and powdered forms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Generic Skills:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The faculty is committed to ensuring that students have the full range of knowledge and skills required for full participation in all aspects of their lives, including skills enabling them to be life-long learners. To ensure graduates have this preparation, such generic skills as literacy and numeric, computer, interpersonal communications, and critical thinking skills will be embedded in all courses.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Attendance Expectations:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Students are expected to attend every session of class, arriving on time, returning from breaks promptly and remaining until class is dismissed. Absences are permitted only for medical reasons and must be supported with a doctor\u2019s note.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Content Breakdown:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session\\Week<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Topical Coverage<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 1(Week 1)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>General Introduction to Pharmacognosy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Selection&amp;breedingofmedicinalplants.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cultivation of medicinal plants.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Factors affecting plant growth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 2 (Week 2)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pharmacognosical study of crude drugs<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preparation of drugs from plants to pharmaceuticals.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Adulteration.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Secondary plant metabolites.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dusting powder.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 3 (Week 3)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Drugs composed of Leaves:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Introduction to Leaves. Senna Digitalis (In detail)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Morphology. T.S, Characteristic elements in powder, active constituents, Chemical test, Uses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 4 (Week 4)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Buchu, Uvaursi, Belladonna, Stramonium, Egyptian henbane, Coca, Boldo Jaborandi, Eucalyptus, Gambier, Henna and Tea leaf.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Characteristic elements in powder, active constituents, Chemical test, Uses).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 5 (Week 5)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Introduction to flower:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Roman &amp; German chamomile. Clove, (In detail)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Morphology. T.S, Characteristic elements in powder, active constituents, Chemical test, Uses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 6 (Week 6)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pyrethrum, Santonica, Saffron, Safflower, Karkadeh, Lavander. (Characteristic elements in powder, active constituents, Chemical test, Uses).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 7 (Week 7)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Introduction to barks:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cinchona, Cinnamon, Cassia and Galls. (In detail)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Morphology. T.S, Characteristic elements in powder, active constituents, Chemical test, Uses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 8 (Week 8)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cascara, FrangulaQuillaia, pomegranate bark,<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Characteristic elements in powder, active constituents, Chemical test, Uses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 9 (Week 9)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Introduction to wood:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Quassia wood. (In detail)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Morphology. T.S, Characteristic elements in powder, active constituents, Chemical test, Uses.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sandal and Guiacum woods. (Characteristic elements in powder, active constituents, Chemical test, Uses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 10 (Week 10)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Introduction to seeds:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cardamom, Strophanthus, Nux vomica,( In detail),Stramonium, Colchicum, Nutmeg, Black mustard White mustard, Linseed, Fenugreek, Castor seed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 11 (Week 11)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" width=\"71%\"><strong>Midterm Assessment<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 12 (Week 12)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 13 (Week 13)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 14 (Week 14)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 15 (Week 15)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Introduction to fruits:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Umbelliferous fruit Fennel, Anise, Coriander, (in detail)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ammivisnaga, Ammimajus, Caraway, Dill. Cumin, Hemlock,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 16 (Week 16)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Black pepper, Colocynth. Bitter orange peels, Hop Vanilla, Capsicum, Poppy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 17 (Week 17)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Introduction to subterranean organs:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rhizomes: Ginger, Rhubarb, In detail<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 18 (Week 18)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Filix mass, Valerian. Podophyllum, Hydrastis, Turmeric, Colchicum.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 19 (Week 19)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Roots: Liquorice, Ipecacuanha, Rauwolfia. In detail<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 20 (Week 20)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Senega, Marshmallow, Gentian, Jalap, Aconite.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sasaparilla<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 21 (Week 21)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Introduction to herbs:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hyoscyamus, Lobelia, In detail<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 22 (Week 22)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vinca, Mentha, Thyme, Ephedra<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ergot &amp; Cannabis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 23 (Week 23)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Introduction to unorganized drugs:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Colophony, Aloes, Myrrh, Asafetida<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 24 (Week 24)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mastic Olibanum Benzoin Balsam Peru Balsam Tolu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 25 (Week 25)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Storax Gum acacia Gum tragacanth, Agar, Gelatin Opium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 26 (Week 26)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Introduction to animal drugs:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cochineal, Cod liver oil, Cantharides, Insulin, Collagen<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Heparin, Beeswax, Musk, Umber.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 27 (Week 27)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">Review<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 28 (Week 28)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">Review<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Practical work <\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Safety rules<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Introduction to the Microscope, microscopical identification for starch &amp; dusting powders.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Drugs composed of Leaves<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T. S of Drug. powder. Active constituents, Chemical test, medicinal uses.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Senna leaf<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Characteristic elements in Powder, Active constituents, Chemical test, medicinal uses. Digitalis, Belladonna leaf.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Origin, Active constituents, Chemical test, medicinal uses. Eucalyptus,<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boldo, Henna, Uvi-ursi,<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Drugs composed of Flower<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T. S of Drug. powder. Active constituents, Chemical test, medicinal uses.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Clove<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Characteristic elements in Powder, Active constituents, Chemical test, medicinal uses. Chamomile.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Origin, Active constituents, Chemical test, medicinal uses. Karkadeh, Santonica<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Drugs composed of Seeds<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Linseed, Cardemom, Nux vomica and Nutmeg, Fenugreek<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Drugs composed of Fruits<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fennel, Anise, Capsicum, and Ammivisnage, Black pepper, Colocynth, Coriander.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Drugs composed of Barks<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cinchona, Galls, Cinnamon, Cassia, and Pomeograntha, Cascara.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Drugs composed of Wods<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Quassia wood<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Drugs composed of Roots<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Liquorice, Squill, and Ipecachuana<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Drugs composed of Rhizomes<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ginger, Rhubarb, Curcuma, and Curcuma<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Drugs composed of Unorganized Drugs Morphology Active constituents and Medicinal use<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Colophony, Myrrh, Acacia Arabic, Benzoin, Aloes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Delivery:<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lectures (Tools: board, data show). The lectures were added on the internet site of the faculty to be available to the students all the time as an e-learning.<\/li>\n<li>Practical Session (Tools: labs., boards, instruments, chemicals, glassware, equipment).<\/li>\n<li>Assignments, seminars, research and posters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Course Assessments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>20% Midyear Examination<\/li>\n<li>10% Practical continuous Assessment, Exam<\/li>\n<li>10% Quiz, reports, presentation<\/li>\n<li>20% Final practical Examination<\/li>\n<li>40% Final written Examination<\/li>\n<li>100% Total<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Textbooks:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Treas and Evans` Pharmacognosy by William Charles Evans ISBN: 9780702029332, 2009<\/li>\n<li>Additional Resources: Lectures Notes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab] [\/mhc_tabs][\/mhc_column][\/mhc_row][mhc_row admin_label=&#8221;row&#8221;][mhc_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][mhc_text admin_label=&#8221;\u0646\u0635 &#8211; Phytochemistry (\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631)&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;right&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221;]\n<p><strong>Phytochemistry (\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> \u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640<\/strong><\/p>\n[\/mhc_text][mhc_tabs admin_label=&#8221;\u062a\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0628 &#8211; Phytochemistry (\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631)&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; show_border=&#8221;on&#8221;] [mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li>(PH203)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><strong>4 Units<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><strong>3 hrs Theory<\/strong>\n<p><strong>2 hrs Laboratory<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><strong>General<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pharmacognosy<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631&#8221;]\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Course Description:\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>(\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Brief Description:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Phytochemistry is a branch\u00a0\u00a0 of\u00a0\u00a0 pharmaceutical\u00a0\u00a0 sciences\u00a0\u00a0 which study the phytochemicals, derived from plants. Phytochemists strive to describe the structures of the large number of secondary metabolites found in plants, the functions of these compounds in human and plant biology, and the biosynthesis of these compounds. The compounds found in plants are of many kinds, but most can be grouped into four major biosynthetic classes: alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, polyketides, and terpenoids.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Course Objectives:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Upon successful completion of this course, the students should illustrate the 2ry plant metabolites. The student should be able to: Give an account on the chemistry, biological activity of volatile oils, carbohydrates, alkaloids, glycosides, bitter principles, tannins and resins. Describe the mechanism of action of these biologically active components and their structure activity relationship. Recognize or draw the chemical structure of such biologically active compounds. Enumerate the physical and chemical properties of active and inactive chemicals. Define the role of these medicinal plants in the treatment of different diseased conditions. Illustrate the concepts of chemistry of biologically active natural products e.g., volatile oil, carbohydrates, alkaloids, glycosides, bitter principles, tannins and resins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Generic Skills:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The faculty is committed to ensuring that students have the full range of knowledge and skills required for full participation in all aspects of their lives, including skills enabling them to be life-long learners. To ensure graduates have this preparation, such generic skills as literacy and numeric, computer, interpersonal communications, and critical thinking skills will be embedded in all courses.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Attendance Expectations:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Students are expected to attend every session of class, arriving on time, returning from breaks promptly and remaining until class is dismissed. Absences are permitted only for medical reasons and must be supported with a doctor\u2019s note.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Content Breakdown:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Content Breakdown\\Week<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Topical Coverage<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 1 (Week 1)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>General Introduction to Phytochemistry<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Techniques commonly used in the field of Phytochemistry: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Study of general biosynthetic pathways,<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Extraction<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Isolation of natural products<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 2 (Week 2)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Introduction to the volatile oil:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Methods of extraction<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biosynthesis<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Physical and chemical properties<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Classification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 3 (Week 3)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Terpene volatile oil:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Non-cyclic mono and sequiterpenes.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cyclic mono and sesquiterpenes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 4 (Week 4)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Oxygenated terpene volatile oil:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Non-cyclic mono and sequiterpenes.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cyclic mono and sesqyiteroenes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 5 (Week 5)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Phenolic volatile oil:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 General Properties of Terpene Phenols<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Classification The terpene phenols<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 6 (Week 6)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Introduction to the Alkaloids:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Naming and History.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Classifications<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Physical and chemical Properties<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Distribution in nature<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Extraction<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biosynthesis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 7 (Week 7)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Protoalkaloids&#8221;, which contain nitrogen (but not the nitrogen heterocycle).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Phenylalkyl amine alkaloids<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 8 (Week 8)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>True alkaloids&#8221; contain nitrogen in the heterocyclic and originate from amino acids.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pyridine alkaloids<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pipperine alkaloids<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 9 (Week 9)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Quinoline alkaloids<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Isoquinoline alkaloids<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Quinolizidine alkaloids<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 10 (Week 10)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Tropane alkaloids:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Atropene group.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cacain group.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 11 (Week 11)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" width=\"72%\"><strong>Midterm Assessment<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 12 (Week 12)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 13 (Week 13)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 14 (Week 14)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 15 (Week 15)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pseudoalkaloids \u2013 alkaloid-like compounds that do not originate from amino acids.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Purine-like alkaloids such as caffeine, theobromine and theophylline<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 16 (Week 16)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Terpen-like and <u>steroid<\/u>-like alkaloids<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 17 (Week 17)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Introduction of carbohydrate:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Classification<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biosynthesis<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Reactions and uses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 18 (Week 18)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Introduction of glycosides.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Naming and History.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Classifications<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Physical and chemical Properties<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Distribution in nature<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Extraction<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biosynthesis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 19 (Week 19)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Alcoholic glycosides<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cyanogenic glycosides<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Phenolic glycosides<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 20 (Week 20)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anthraquinone glycosides<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Coumarin glycosides<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 21 (Week 21)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Flavonoid glycosides<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Classification<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Physical and chemical properties<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pharmacological activities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 22(Week 22)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Saponin glycosides<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Classification<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Physical and chemical properties<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pharmacological activities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 23 (Week 23)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Tannins<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 24 (Week 24)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Bitter principles<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 25 (Week 25)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\"><strong>Resin and resin combination<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 26 (Week 26)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\">Review<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 27 (Week 27)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\">Review<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Session 28 (Week 28)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\">Review<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>Practical work<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"72%\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Safety rules<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Identification of some selected alkaloids by General tests and specific tests: Ephedrine, Atropine, Caffeine, Papaverine, Strychnine, Brucine, Quinine<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Distillation of volatile oil (Mentha herb)<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Determination of Phenol content in clove oil (Cassia Flask)<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Determination of Thymol content in Thymus oil<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Determination of Cineol content in Eucalyptus oil<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Identification different glycosides by qualitative tests<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chemical test for Tannins and Saponins<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Identification different Carbohydrates by qualitative tests<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Delivery:<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lectures (Tools: board, data show).<\/li>\n<li>Tutorials and group discussions.<\/li>\n<li>Assignments (if applicable), seminars, research and posters.<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li>Practical classes (Lab experiments+ computerized experiments simulation). The lectures are added on the internet site of the faculty to be available to the students all the time as an e-learning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Course Assessments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>20% Midyear Examination<\/li>\n<li>10% Quizzes, reports, presentation<\/li>\n<li>10% Practical continuous Assessment, Exam<\/li>\n<li>20% Final practical Examination<\/li>\n<li>40% Final written Examination<\/li>\n<li>100% Total<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Textbooks:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Treas and Evans` Pharmacognosy by William Charles Evans ISBN: 9780702029332, 2009<\/li>\n<li>Additional Resources: Lectures Notes<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab] [\/mhc_tabs][\/mhc_column][\/mhc_row][mhc_row admin_label=&#8221;row&#8221;][mhc_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][mhc_text admin_label=&#8221;\u0646\u0635 &#8211; Applied Pharmacognosy (\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629)&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;right&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221;]\n<p><strong>Applied Pharmacognosy (\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> \u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640<\/strong><\/p>\n[\/mhc_text][mhc_tabs admin_label=&#8221;\u062a\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0628 &#8211; Applied Pharmacognosy (\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629)&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; show_border=&#8221;on&#8221;] [mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li>(PH303)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><strong>3 Units<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><strong>2 hrs Theory<\/strong>\n<p><strong>2 hrs Laboratory<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><strong>General<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pharmacognosy <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Phytochemistry<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab][mhc_tab title=&#8221;\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631&#8221;]\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Course Description:\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>(\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Brief Description:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Upon successful completion of this course, the student should have information about formulation of herbal drug mixtures and their interaction, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of herbal medicines in addition to chromatographic techniques and its application in the isolating of active principles.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Course Objectives:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Upon completion of this course, the student will have reliably demonstrated the ability to: Give an account on the general principles of quality control, chromatographic analysis of herbal products, storage and preservation of herbal drugs, marker determination, validation and applications of analysis of herbal tea bags. Describe the application of GC and HPLC in the analysis of herbal constituents. Recognize the structure of pure active natural products applying different methods of spectral analysis e.g. UV., IR, MS and NMR. Implement\/Perform standard industrial and\/or pharmaceutical instrumentation and laboratory procedures and applying such skill in aromatherapy. Define Complementary therapies, including herbal therapies. Enumerate the concepts of chemistry of biologically active natural products viz, carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, bitter principles, alkaloids, volatile oil and unorganized drugs in addition to principle of chromatography that covers theories and applications in natural product analysis. Enumerate the principle of Plant cell and tissue culture that covers theories and applications in natural product production. Identify different classes of marine natural products illustrate the most important biologically active constituents from marine. Identify different classes of tumor inhibitors from natural products clinically use. Identify different classes of hallucinogenics &amp; drug abuse and methods of detection. Identify the different methods Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Identification of the most important Toxic plants of Libya.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Generic Skills:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The faculty is committed to ensuring that students have the full range of knowledge and skills required for full participation in all aspects of their lives, including skills enabling them to be life-long learners. To ensure graduates have this preparation, such generic skills as literacy and numeric, computer, interpersonal communications, and critical thinking skills will be embedded in all courses.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Attendance Expectations:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Students are expected to attend every session of class, arriving on time, returning from breaks promptly and remaining until class is dismissed. Absences are permitted only for medical reasons and must be supported with a doctor\u2019s note.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Content Breakdown:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Content Breakdown\\Week<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Topical Coverage<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 1 (Week 1)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Extraction and Isolation of Active Constituents:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Macerationandhotcontinuousextraction.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Solvent extraction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 2 (Week 2)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Phytochemical Screening<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 3 (Week 3)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Advanced Chromatographic Techniques:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Definitions, Classification, Theoretical<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Partition chromatography: Paper Chromatography<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 4 (Week 4)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 AdsorptionChromatography<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thin layer Chromatography (TLC)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Column Chromatography<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 5 (Week 5)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Separation Based on electric charge<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Electrophoresis<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ion-exchange chromatography<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 6 (Week 6)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Molecular exclusion chromatography (gel permeation or Gel filtration).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gas Chromatography (GC)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Supercritical fluid chromatography<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 7 (Week 7)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Quality control of herbal drugs and their extracts:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Evaluation of Medicinal Crude drugs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 8 (Week 8)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Pharmacopeia Standards<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 9 (Week 9)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Tissue culture:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Introduction<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Applications<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 10 (Week 10)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Plant Biotechnology<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 11 (Week 11)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" width=\"71%\"><strong>Midterm Assessment<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 12 (Week 12)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 13 (Week 13)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 14 (Week 14)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 15 (Week 15)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Marine Natural Products<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Examples of Drugs derived from Algae<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Green Algae<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 16 (Week 16)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Red Algae<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Brown Algae<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 17 (Week 17)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Tumor Inhibitors from Plants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Plant derived anticancer agents in clinical use<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Detailed information about medicinal plants, family, part used and specific type of anticancer phytochemical and their mechanism of action against particular type of cancer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 18 (Week 18)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Plant derived anticancer agents in clinical use<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 19 (Week 19)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Hallucinogenics &amp; Drug Abuse<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stimulants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 20 (Week 20)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hallucinogenics<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Narcotics<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 21 (Week 21)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Phytotherapy Including: CVS, GIT, Respiratory, Liver, Urinary tract, Endocrine, Reproductive system, Skin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 22 (Week 22)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aromatherapy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 23 (Week 23)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herbal Drug Interactions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 24 (Week 24)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 25 (Week 25)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Structure elucidation of Natural Products<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 26 (Week 26)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Spectroscopy<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ultraviolet spectroscopy<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Infra-red spectroscopy<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mass spectrometry<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nuclear Magnetic resonance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 27 (Week 27)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\"><strong>Toxic Plants in Libya<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Session 27 (Week 28)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Toxic Plants in Libya (continue)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\"><strong>Practical Part:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71%\">\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Safety Rules<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Extraction Methods<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Phytochemical screening<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chromatography: Column, Thin Layer and Paper Chromatography<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Separation of Mixture of Dyes by Radial paper chromatography and Column chromatography<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Separation of Mixture of Carbohydrates (Sugars) by paper chromatography<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Identification for alkaloid by microcrystalline tests<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Quality control of drugs containing alkaloids: Microscopically, TLC of Cinchona bark, and Mixture of Powder<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Quality control of drugs containing Volatile oils: Microscopically, TLC of Clove oil, and Mixture of Powder<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Quality control of drugs containing Glycosides: Microscopically, TLC of Rhubarb extract, and Mixture of Powder.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Screening of Libyan Medicinal Plants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Delivery:<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lectures (Tools: board, data show). The lectures were added on the internet site of the faculty to be available to the students all the time as an e-learning.<\/li>\n<li>Practical Session (Tools: labs., boards, instruments, chemicals, glassware, equipment).<\/li>\n<li>Assignments, seminars, research and posters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Course Assessments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>20%, Midyear Examination<\/li>\n<li>10%, Practical continuous Assessment<\/li>\n<li>10% Quizzes, reports, presentation<\/li>\n<li>20% Final practical Examination<\/li>\n<li>40% Final written Examination<\/li>\n<li>100% Total<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Textbooks:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trease, G.E. and Evans, W.C.; Pharmacognosy, W.B. Saunders, Publishers, Ltd, 17th ed., 2012.<\/li>\n<li>2D NMR spectroscopy, Silverstein.<\/li>\n<li>Lecture and practical notes prepared by instructors<\/li>\n<li>Essential &amp; Recommended books<\/li>\n<li>Periodicals, Web sites, \u2026 etc<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/pubmed.com<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/mhc_tab] [\/mhc_tabs][\/mhc_column][\/mhc_row][\/mhc_section][mhc_section admin_label=&#8221;\u0642\u0633\u0645&#8221; shared_module=&#8221;1862&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; specialty=&#8221;off&#8221; transparent_background=&#8221;on&#8221; gradient_background=&#8221;off&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#0b0b21&#8243; gradient_style=&#8221;diagonal_bottom&#8221; inner_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221; parallax=&#8221;on&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221; video_pause=&#8221;off&#8221; allow_advanced_padding=&#8221;on&#8221; remove_padding=&#8221;on&#8221; force_fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; column_paddings=&#8221;padding-0pct&#8221; column_match_heights=&#8221;off&#8221; separator_top=&#8221;off&#8221; 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admin_label=&#8221;\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;right&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221; disabled=&#8221;on&#8221;] <script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/rf.revolvermaps.com\/0\/0\/8.js?i=5nl4zbfhmwg&amp;m=0&amp;c=ff0000&amp;cr1=ffffff&amp;f=arial&amp;l=33\" async=\"async\"><\/script> [\/mhc_text][\/mhc_column][mhc_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243;][mhc_text shared_parent=&#8221;1862&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;right&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221;]\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 14px;\"><a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.asmarya.edu.ly\/ar\/\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00a0<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff; 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admin_label=&#8221;\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;right&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221;]\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/mhesr.gov.ly\/\">\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/lsjp.epc.ly\/ar\">\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/qaa.ly\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/lsjp.epc.ly\/public\/ar\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/uot.edu.ly\/\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/uob.edu.ly\/ar\/\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u00a0<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.misuratau.edu.ly\/\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0629\u00a0<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/elmergib.edu.ly\/\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0628\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n[\/mhc_text][\/mhc_column][mhc_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243;][mhc_text shared_parent=&#8221;1862&#8243; 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